Fluency Criteria

Grades 3-6

 

 

 

Oral Reading Accuracy

 

Oral Reading Accuracy=       # of words read correctly

                                                Total # of words in passage

OR:

 

 

 100 – (error quotient X  # errors)

 

(If you need to figure out the error quotient, here is how:

 

            100                  = error quotient         

#words in passage

 

 

 

Frustrational Level                             Below 90%

 

Instructional Level                             95%-97%

 

                                                            (90%-94% is marginal; take a close look at Rate)

                                                           

Independent Level                             98%-100%

 

 

Comprehension

(Did students understand the gist of the story?)

 

 

Frustrational Level                                             Below 60%

Instructional Level                                              75%-89%

Independent Level                                               90%-100%

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Words Read Correctly Per Minute (WCPM)

 

 

(WCPM) = (# Words in passage - # errors) x 60

                                       # Seconds to read the passage

 

 

Norms used for establishing instructional reading levels were adapted from the WCPM Oral Reading Fluency Norms from Hasbrouck and Tindal (1992), from Rasinski’s reading fluency norms (2003), and from Morris’ (1999) reading fluency norms. These norms vary by passage level.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WCPM Criteria for Establishing Instructional Level

 

Primer

 

15-29

1.0

30-41

1.5

42-52

2.0

53-65

2.5

66-78

3.0

79-88

3.5

89-98

4.0

99-101

4.5

102-104

5.0

105-109

5.5

110-114

6.0

115-130

6.5

131-146

7.0

147 and above

 

 

 

 

 

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Words Read Per Minute

 

 

 

Words Read Per Minute (WPM) Rate =   #Words in passage x 60

                                                                                   # Seconds to read passage

 

Expected Grade Level Reading Rates

Darrell Morris, Appalachian State University

 

                                                Oral                               Silent

First                             30-70                             (no difference)

 

Second                         60-90                            60-100

 

Third                            80-110                          90-120

 

Fourth                         95-120                          110-140

 

Fifth                            110-140                        140-170

 

Sixth                            110-150                        160-190

 

Seventh                       115-160                        170-200 

Hasbrouck, J., & Tindal, G. (1992, Spring). Curriculum-based oral reading fluency norms for students in grades 2 through 5. Teaching Exceptional Children,  41-44.

Morris, D. (1999). The Howard Street tutoring manual: Teaching at-risk readers in the primary grades. New York: Guilford Press.

Rasinski, T. V. (2003). The fluent reader: Oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. New York: Scholastic.