Fluency Criteria
Grades 3-6
Oral Reading Accuracy
Oral Reading Accuracy= # of words read correctly
Total # of words in passage
OR:
100 – (error quotient X # errors)
(If you need to figure out the error quotient, here is how:
100 = error quotient
#words in passage
Frustrational Level Below 90%
Instructional Level 95%-97%
(90%-94% is marginal; take a close look at Rate)
Independent Level 98%-100%
Comprehension
(Did students understand the gist of the story?)
Frustrational Level Below 60%
Instructional Level 75%-89%
Independent Level 90%-100%
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Words Read Correctly Per Minute (WCPM)
(WCPM) = (# Words in passage - # errors) x 60
# Seconds to read the passage
Norms used for establishing instructional reading levels were adapted from the WCPM Oral Reading Fluency Norms from Hasbrouck and Tindal (1992), from Rasinski’s reading fluency norms (2003), and from Morris’ (1999) reading fluency norms. These norms vary by passage level.
WCPM Criteria for Establishing Instructional Level
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Words Read Per Minute
Words Read Per Minute (WPM) Rate = #Words in passage x 60
# Seconds to read passage
Expected Grade Level Reading Rates
Darrell Morris, Appalachian State University
Oral Silent
First 30-70 (no difference)
Second 60-90 60-100
Third 80-110 90-120
Fourth 95-120 110-140
Fifth 110-140 140-170
Sixth 110-150 160-190
Seventh 115-160 170-200
Hasbrouck, J., & Tindal, G. (1992, Spring). Curriculum-based oral reading fluency norms for students in grades 2 through 5. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41-44.
Morris, D. (1999). The Howard Street tutoring manual: Teaching at-risk readers in the primary grades. New York: Guilford Press.
Rasinski, T. V. (2003). The fluent reader: Oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. New York: Scholastic.